This method requires the drilling of two horizontal wells, one slightly higher than the. Thermal production methods include mainly cyclic steam stimulation css, steam drive, and steam assisted gravity drainage sagd. Updated screening criteria for steam flooding based on oil field projects data by mariwan qadir hama a thesis. Characterization and comparison of dissolved organic. However, suboptimal production techniques have led to a large carbon footprint and a subsequent search for more efficient extraction techniques, than open loop manual control. Updated screening criteria for steam flooding based on oil. Swisher and wojtanowicz created a new completion method water is produced from. Steamassisted gravity drainage an overview sciencedirect topics. Enhanced steam assisted gravity drainage esagd as indicated in its name, this is an enhanced sagd. This is achieved through modelling of a sagd reservoir at 1. Improving steamassisted gravity drainage performance in oil sands with a top water zone using polymer injection and the fishbone well pattern. Recent availability of poststeam core, residual saturation tool rst data, temperature data and 4d. Pumping solutions for steam assisted gravity drainage sagd. Sagd is an enhanced oil recovery technology for producing heavy crude oil and bitumen.
Butler in the 1980s developed conventional steam assisted gravity drainage known as sagd. The work presented in this paper describes the evaluation and stepwise optimization process for a steam assisted gravity drainage sagd project using a representative sector model from a field. Steamassisted gravity drainage sagd is a thermal in situ heavy oil recovery process that was originally developed by butler 1991. A comparison study between the newly developed vertical.
Steam assisted gravity drainage sagd is a commercial insitu recovery technology used to reduce oil viscosity by increasing the temperature of the reservoir to enhance the recovery of heavy oil and bitumen. Pdf steamassisted gravity drainage optimization for. Sagd2 sagd using a mixture of 90 wt% kaolinite and 10 wt% illite. Two parallel horizontal wells are employed in the sagd process. Steam assisted gravity drainage sagd process involves drilling pairs of horizontal wells steam continuously injected steam to oil ratio sor varies typically 2. A workshop was held on april, 2015 to discuss the merits of various technologies in wind. We have to use a drilling method to get the oil out of the ground. This technology is particularly relevant in canada because it is the primary method of in situ extraction.
Design of flow control devices in steamassisted gravity. High pressure steam is continuously injected into the upper wellbore to heat the oil and reduce its viscosity, causing. Steam assisted gravity drainage sagd operations utilize a threeway strategy that targets production from the steam chamber, conductive heating, and infill. Handbook steamassisted gravity drainage water analysis. Mathematical modeling of steam assisted gravity drainage. Mamora steam assisted gravity drainage sagd is used widely as a. Expandingsolvent steamassisted gravity drainage essagd is an in situ steam solvent recovery process to produce heavy oil and bitumen from oil sands reservoirs 214. On the resolvability of steam assisted gravity drainage. Common problems in sagd wells include inadequate fluid production control in the completion, which leads to uneven steam conformance, lower sweep and thermal efficiencies along some sections of the lateral, adverse heeltotoe effects, and the risk of live steam entering the pro. Steam assisted gravity drainage sagd was a young science when commercial operations started up in the early 1990s. Cenovus is a steamassisted gravity drainage sagd leader. Schematic of steam assisted gravity drainage process 15 figure 3.
An analytical model for heat transfer process in steam. Sagd involves drilling a pair of 1 km long horizontal wells, one about 5 m above the other, from a. Study of the parameters of steam assisted gravity drainage. Steamassisted gravity drainage sagd process water contains high concentrations of dissolved organic and inorganic matter. Steamassisted gravity drainage sagd is a successful thermal recovery process, besides demanding a high amount of energy, water, and natural gas. Steam assisted gravity drainage sagd is currently the most widely used insitu recovery method. Pdf mathematical modeling of steam assisted gravity. The displacement or the oil is systematic and high recoveries can be obtained. Steamassisted gravity drainage sagd is a drilling technique that is used to extract heavy oil that is too. Steam assisted gravity drainage new perspectives on. Steam assisted gravity drainage sagd ide technologies. In this study, an optimization framework for planning the development of sagd drainage areas under uncertainty is presented. Sagd reservoir characterization using geostatistics.
Pdf exploitation of extra heavy oil assets involves complex and costly production processes, one of which is steamassisted gravity drainage. Steamassisted gravity drainage sagd is a promising approach for recovering heavy and viscous oil resources. This video is considered as an educational video used for nonprofitable purpose for all petroleum and nonpetroleum students in bue the british university. The procedure utilizes a pair of parallel horizontal wells, one at the bottom of the formation. Oil sands extraction and processing natural resources canada. As the oil drains, the steam chamber advances into the reservoir. Bitumen recovery by steam assisted gravity drainage sagd is done by injecting steam into the formation to reduce bitumen viscosity. Steamassisted gravity drainage is an effective approach for recovering heavy oil and bitumen and its essence idea is to introduce steam heat into cold reservoir and reduce oil viscosity. In essagd, steam and solvent are injected into the depletion chamber within the reservoir. Typically, a pair of parallel horizontal wells is used. Steam assisted gravity drainage sagd is an enhanced oil recovery technology for heavy or viscous oil and bitumen that involves drilling two horizontal wells in underground formations. Steam assisted gravity drainage sagd is an outstanding example of a steam injection process devised for a specific type of heavy oil reservoir utilizing horizontal wells. Steam assisted gravity drainage sagd sagd is one technology that is changing the oil sands industry, but requires a continuous and growing supply of highquality water for steam production. The steamoil ratio sor is a metric used to quantify the efficiency of oil recovery processes based on types of steam injection.
Abstract commercialization of the steamassisted gravity drainage sagd process has made recovery of heavy oilbitumen possible in a number of reservoirs hindered by hydrocarbon immobility. In a typical sagd process, two horizontal wells were drilled inside the target formation, one is put on the top as steam. Development of a steam assisted gravity drainage reference. This explainer video describes the process of steam assisted gravity drainage, also known as sagd in oil sands production. Sagd maximizes gravitational forces during the steam flooding of heavy oils. The top well injects steam to heat the bitumen, which separates from the sand and collects with the produced water in the lower well, approximately five metres below. Controlling postcompletion flow in steam assisted gravity. Numerical simulation study on steamassisted gravity. Strategic planning of steam assisted gravity drainage. Steamassisted gravity drainage is one of the most perspective technologies for heavy oil and bitumen production from horizontal wells.
Abstract in the steamassisted gravity drainage sagd process, heated oil drains from around growing steam chambers, driven by gravity, to lower. The oil in the oil sands can at times be as hard as a hockey puck and its embedded in tonnes of sand deep underground. Clydeunion can offer pumping solutions at all stages of these processes. Economic benefits of gas injection in steam assisted. Improved steam assisted gravity drainage sagd performance with solvent as steam additive. It is an advanced form of steam stimulation in which a pair of horizontal wells is drilled into the oil reservoir, one a few metres above the other. Temperature and saturation profile for steam flooding 21 figure 4.
The operation parameters such as well design 9,20 and well pattern 16,21,22 were considered. Delta venturi orifice steam trap animation duration. Cyclic steam stimulation an overview sciencedirect topics. The athabasca oils sands, also known as the mcmurray formation, is located in northern alberta near fort mcmurray. Sagd has evolved and grown with over 1200 sagd well pairs currently producing. This study investigates how gravity gradiometry using superconducting gravimeters could resolve depletion areas in steam assisted gravity drainage sagd reservoirs. Laboratory work, pilotplant studies, and mathematical model development, which are generally costly, difficult, and timeconsuming tasks, are taken into account as important stages in finding an effective.
Assessing and improving steamassisted gravity drainage. It is widely used in alberta, canada for recovery of heavy oil and tar sand resources. The difference is that in steamassisted gravity drainage it is only the oil close to the perimeter of the steam chamber which is mobile whereas in the drainage of conventional petroleum under conditions of essentially constant temperature, all of the oil within the reservoir is mobile. Pdf steamassisted gravity drainage optimization for extra heavy.
Drainage area development and production planning are crucial in a steam assisted gravity drainage sagd project of the oil sand industry. Butler proposed to use steam injection, coupled with horizontal well technology, to assist the movement of oil to a production well by means of gravitational forces. A wide range of analytical techniques including electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, gas chromatographymass spectrometry, fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and fluorescence spectrophotometry have been utilized for the identification and measurement of. Overall approach for calculating oil flow rate from richard chans thesis. Steamassisted gravity drainageinduced timelapse effects are clearly visible in the 3d vertical seismic profiling and electrical resistivity tomography data sets, even after a few months of oil. The application of steam assisted gravity drainage sagd is important because of the vast reserves accessible with this production mechanism. Meg energy uses steamassisted gravity drainage, or sagd, technology to recover bitumen in sagd operations, pairs of stacked horizontal wells are drilled into the reservoir about 400 metres beneath the surface. The proposed framework includes the following two major elements. Tgadsc thermogravimetric analysis differential scanning calorimetry.
Cosia seeks to inspire and stimulate creative new ideas to reduce the environmental footprint and improve efficiency associated with sagd production technologies. Cosia uses flow diagrams to facilitate the evaluation of greenhouse gas ghg reduction opportunities by providing a common basis of understanding for prospective technology developers. Recent availability of post steam core, residual saturation tool rst data, temperature data and 4d. Most heavy oil reservoirs consist of unconsolidated sandstone and have serious sand production during oil production. Nuclearintegrated oil sands recovery via steamassisted gravity. Drainage facts and stats steam assisted gravity drainage process in alberta, 80 per cent 2 billion barrels of the oil sands are buried too deep below the surface for open pit mining and can only be extracted by in situ in place methods such as steam assisted gravity drainage sagd. A new approach to the modelling of steamassisted gravity. This method involves forcing steam into subsurface oil sands deposits to heat the bitumen locked in the sand, allowing it to flow well enough to be extracted. Steam assisted gravity drainage pilot tests were carried out in heavy oil reservoirs with a bottom water zone. Sagd steam assisted gravity drainage oil sands extraction. Steam assisted gravity drainage facts and stats open. In the steamassisted gravity drainage sagd process, heated oil drains from around growing steam chambers, driven by gravity, to lower horizontal wells.